The Incarceration Of Prison Policy - 1418 Words

Generally, prison policy might lack saliency among most individuals. Prison policy seems to have that pattern where it is significant to some and not to others; that is also relevant in states because of their variety in issues. Prison legislation is like most legislation relevant to whom it affects. In this situation we see that prison overcrowding bothers a majority of inmates, some of the courts, and the states. Inmates do not vote, so it is understandable that congress lacks interest. In most involvement on prison overcrowding policy congressional action is close to absent, states are in charge of the legislation, but at times courts have intervened due to prison conditions. Gridlock is seen as a huge factor in policy outcomes. Congressional gridlock could be a factor; congressional gridlock can be looked at as important issues on their agenda that are left unspoken past the close of Congress. Other scholars think of gridlock as the lack of change in policy from the status quo (Saeki, 2009). A concept receiving attention in the American political environment in studies of gridlock is the polarization of the two parties’ policy preferences (Jones 2001). In Mayhew’s and Kelly’s numerator-based data, during divided government there is less salient legislation being produced. Although, legislative productivity between unified and divided government differ, it is not statistically significant. In regardless, Binder’s data on legislative agendas, specifically emphasizingShow MoreRelatedThe Incarceration Of Prison Policy913 Words   |  4 Pagesmore violence and causing mental deterioration. Some prisoners may even end up spending a n entire life sentence in solitary confinement, which defeats the purpose of rehabilitation. It is often viewed as a mere act of torture. 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The policies which were changed to get tougher on drug crimes on the federal level followed with mass incarceration in the prison system. This was especially true with young African American males in largely poor communities. So these policies not only created a mass incarceration but also racially targeted certain raceRead MoreMass Incarceration And Its Effects On The Unit ed States Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesMass incarceration is a major problem in the United States. Since the tough on crime movement that began to emphasize more punishment and creating new policies such as; three strikes law, truth-in sentencing laws, mandatory sentencing, and determinate sentencing, our prisons and jails have become overcrowded. The three strikes law increases the prison sentence of an offender convicted of three felonies or serious crime. Usually the punishment ranges from a minimum of 25 years to life in prison. The

Early Settlers and Native Americans - 1038 Words

Early Settlers and Native Americans The entire clash of two different cultures dates back all the way into the beginning of the early European arrival. All the different countries in Europe were all trying to find there own place in the new world by claiming the land for their country. The English were among one of the first Europeans to arrive in the new world; and establish the first permanent settlement called Jamestown. The English later extended their settlements along the Atlantic coast, colonizing Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay. It was not very long after the English arrived, came the French to the new world. They too were searching to acquire land for themselves. These new settlements claimed by the French in the America’s where†¦show more content†¦The natives were impressed by all the new technology that was brought by them which then they traded among each other. These trades are the only thing that kept them in contact with one another. The Spanish on the other hand were the ones that maintained the important land and had to deal and make peace with natives. The Spanish came to the lower new world and face different natives and along the way became friends. The Spanish came to control all of the Florida parishes and all of Louisiana and the Mississippi River. All of the natives in these areas formed a treaty between theses two cultured groups. In Mississippi River Valley region shaped the means of production of these goods for the Spanish and also formed unique way of trade. The trade routes up and down the Mississippi came to be successful by running such goods; as deer skins, liquors, tools, and foods to develop a well marketplace over many years. Like all good trade routes, came fights and wars between the different countries and the natives. The Mississippi River was a very important aspect to the natives because it was their main source or trade with the Spanish during these times. Natives were known as the â€Å"middle men† between all of the countries in the new world for trade. All throughout the new world the Native Americans were treated poorly, because they were different from the Europeans. They were judged as savages with no social class and culture. Soon to come the Europeans were takingShow MoreRelatedConflict Between Native Americans And Early Euro American Settlers1527 Words   |  7 PagesClashes between the Native Americans and early Euro-American settlers were inevitable. These two groups of people were different in a number of ways ranging from language, culture, and spiritual way-of-life. Where we see these people groups ultimately at odds is in their beliefs relating to land. The Native Americans had settled in the land years before the arrival of the Euro-Americans. 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Arbitrage Monopolistic Market Structures -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Arbitrage Monopolistic Market Structures? Answer: Introduction The report helps in analyzing the difference between the monopolistic competition and oligopoly. The two kinds of market will be discussed in the next sections with the help of different price theories. The different usage of theories and examples will be provided in such a manner that will help in analyzing the difference between the two theories. Perfect competition and monopolistic competition are operations to one another wherein for perfect competition, there are different markets in firms who sell identical products. On the other hand, monopolistic competition is defined as wherein there are no such kinds of close substitutes in the entire competitive market. The main aim of the report is to understand the differences between monopolistic competition and oligopoly market. The different theories will be used in such a manner that this will help in understanding the major differences in both the markets. The main purpose of the report is to understand the different examples along with articles related to the oligopoly and monopolistic competition. With the help of different models and diagrams, the analysis will be done, as this will be easier to understand the monopolistic and oligopoly market in short along with long run. The structure of the report is based on the introduction of the two concepts namely oligopoly and monopolistic market. The different theories will be discussed based on these markets, as this will provide clear view on both the markets. The total cost curve along with average along with marginal revenue and marginal cost has to be analyzed in an effective manner. Lastly, the conclusion has to be provided regarding the differences that have been analyzed between the monopolistic and oligopoly market (Head and Spencer 2017). The inefficiencies of both the markets have to be discussed in details with usage of theories and concepts. Definitions of Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly is the structure of the market wherein there are only firms who dominate the entire market. When the entire market is shared between few firms, it is known as highly concentrated. This kind of market is wherein the small number of companies has major portion of shares in the entire market (Whisenant and Willenborg 2016). For instance- The operating systems of different computers and smart phones is the best example of oligopoly market wherein Google Android and Apple iOS are dominating the entire market, however the operating systems of the computer systems are overshadowed by Windows and Apple Definition of Monopolistic Competition Monopolistic Competition is defined as the theoretical concept wherein there is only market in the entire competitive market (Neary 2016). This is opposite of the perfect competition as in monopolistic competition, there is only one firm who provides and offer products to the customers and is dominant in nature as well (Spanjers 2017). However, on the other hand perfect competition is wherein there is large number of firms who are operating in the market. For instance- Nike is a monopolistic competition wherein the features and aspects are of perfect competition. However, the products are not likely the same as their competitors in the market such as Under Armour and Adidas Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly Market The main fundamental difference between the Oligopoly market and Monopolistic competition are the size and number of firms in the entire market place. These different characteristics help in determining impact of the pricing decisions of the single firm (Dewenter, Heimeshoff and Lth 2017). The monopolistic competition is apt and is found mostly in retailing and distributing market wherein the market is divided into small segments wherein there is no such suffering of diseconomies of scale. However, oligopoly market is found wherein economies of scale require that the entire market can be supplied with the large firms that are few in nature. This kind of situation is found mostly in international banking and insurance sector (Taylor and Wagman 2014). Furthermore, it can be analyzed that both oligopoly and monopolistic market have different group of products that are having different close substitutes, however there are differences in the eyes of the buyers in the market. It can be seen that both oligopoly and monopolistic competition is perfect in nature rather than impersonal in nature (Schweinberger and Suedekum 2015). Each of the sellers is aware acutely of the competitors in the market and trying to gain competitive advantage (Kufel-Gajda 2017). In the above figure, it can be analyzed that d1d1 is the original short run demand curve and d2d2 is the demand curve after the long run adjustment. Marginal Revenue is the original curve of marginal curve (Haaland and Venables 2016). As shown in the figure, the organization can earn excess amount of profit in the short run with output Q1 and price is P1. In the long run, the existence of the level of high profit is such that it is providing signals to other firms to enter into the market (Fujiwara and Teranishi 2017). While seller of Tacos can differentiate marginally his Taco from other competitors in the market, the absence of the different barriers to the entry that means that, the potential competitors will help in emulating the success along with reducing the power of pricing (Sumner 2018). From the diagram, it can be analyzed that monopolistic competition has three main characteristics such as: There are different kind of buyers and sellers The sellers offer products that is differentiated in nature Easy entry and exit of the entire market is easy in nature It helps in relaxing the homogeneity of the product and the aspect of the monopolistic approach is wherein the two products are not the same. The competitors who are monopolistic in nature faces curve that is downward sloping in nature. The monopolistic markets can sell more products at low prices than the competitors in the market can earn (Gugler and Szcs 2016). Monopolistic competition in SR The demand curve that is faced by monopolistic competition is same like the monopoly market that is downward sloping in nature. Furthermore, MRP, the goal will be to set MR=MC to maximize the profit. Furthermore, it can be seen that monopolistic competitor raises their price; there are different options for the customers in the market to buy the similar kind of products in the market but not the identical products elsewhere. The demand curve that is faced by the monopolistic market is more elastic in nature than the monopolists are. In SR, the firm can make accounting profit or economic loss (Larivire, Haustein and Mongeon 2015). Monopolistic competition in LR In the LR, the profit helps in attracting the entry in such a manner that it shifts the demand curve of the firm to the left along with MR curve. Entry will take place until P=ATC wherein it will occur till the demand curve becomes tangent to the ATC (Average Total Cost Curve) From the above diagram, it can be analyzed that monopolistic competition is socially desirable structure of the market as the power of monopoly is smaller in nature. As the brands are substitutable in nature, this means that all the companies will face elastic demand curve as average total cost curve is minimum in nature. The customers in the entire competitive market value the diversity of the product. Oligopoly Market The figure helps in analyzing along with describing situation of the interdependence in such a manner that individual kind of oligopolist face the kinked kind of demand curve. In the figure, it is numbered as DAB and this will be unable for them to depart from current price P3. When the oligopolist in the market increases the price, they fear that the sales will fall in a manner. However, if he lowers the price to P3 in a unilateral manner, everyone will match the price and this can be worst situation. The kinked demand curve will help in describing equilibrium situation that is static in nature and there will be no such change in the price. In the oligopoly market, the nature of products is similar in nature and the curve of the price is price elastic in nature. The demand curve is affected directly with the help of competition. In oligopoly market, the decisions of pricing is based on strategic pricing and the relation between P and MC is PMC. There is huge possibility of profit in the end in the entire oligopoly market. The main characteristics of the oligopoly market are wherein there is huge interdependence of the different firms in the process of decision-making. The different firms in the oligopoly market is inter dependent closely on one another. The other feature of oligopoly market is there is lack of uniformity in the size of the different firms. This kind of situation is known as asymmetrical and this is common in economy of America wherein the uniform size is rare in nature. In the oligopoly market, the oligopolist marketers have to stick to the price and this will lead to price war situation in the entire competitive market. There are different forms of oligopoly that includes the following: Open Oligopoly is wherein the firms are free to enter the market without much difficulties Closed Oligopoly is wherein there are different kind of restrictions that has to faced in the market Perfect Oligopoly is wherein the different kind of products are identical in nature Imperfect Oligopoly is wherein the different firms in the market sell different kind of products Competitive Oligopoly is when there is no such cooperation between the different firms and they are competitive in nature Theories on Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly Market There are differences between the Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly market wherein the general theory on pricing helps in postulating the market conditions spectrum. This ranges from perfect kind of competition at one extreme and monopolistic at other hand. Furthermore, according to Bertoletti and Etro (2017), large number of market structure that is theoretical is possible in nature. The different theories help in understanding the different issues in the management in an effective manner. The nature of the products will be explained in such a manner that it helps in understanding the different demand curve theories along with collusion in the market. Kinked demand curve theory of Oligopoly Market The kinked demand curve theory in the oligopolistic market was developed in the year 1939 that helped in explaining the different characteristics related to rigid price and when there is increase in the cost (Snow 2015). This respective theory has different implications that include that when the demand curve becomes less elastic in nature when there is fall in the prices; however, the demand curve that is oligopolistic in nature becomes less elastic in nature at the kink. Furthermore, it causes mathematically wherein it causes sudden change in the MR curve to different positions. From the diagram, it can be analyzed that there can be increase or decrease in the MC curve between the discontinuity. In such a situation, the oligopolist will reduce the costs and absorb the higher costs as shown in figure 4. There are different criticisms on the theory that includes there is perceiveness of the oligopolist to create a kink in the market. It has been seen that any kind of stability that is perceived in nature in the oligopoly market is not due to the kinked demand curve, but there can be different other reasons as well. Market Structure theory of Monopolistic Market The competitive market in the monopolistic market makes decisions that are independent in nature about the output and price. In the short run, the profits that is supernormal in nature is possible, however in the long run, there are new firms in the industry that are been attracted. On the other hand, the profits that is super normal in nature attract the new entrants that helps in shifting the demand curve for the different firms that is existing in nature that can be seen in the diagram. Furthermore, there is tendency of excess capacity as the different firms never exploit the different fixed factors, as there is difficulty in the mass production. This helps in understanding that they are productively inefficient in nature both in short and long run. The theory on monopolistic competition by Edward Chamberlin has helped in analyzing that there are different number of consumers and producers in the market and there is no such total control over the price of the market. It has been seen that there are different number of barriers to both exit and entry of the firm. As the model of economic competition, the monopolistic competition is realistic in nature than the perfect kind of competition (Parenti, Ushchev and Thisse 2017). Monopolistic Competition The different coffee shops, furniture companies, hotels, gas stations and automotive service organizations are the best examples of the monopolistic competition. There are companies, who offer similar products to the customers in the market, but they are not identical in nature and they are known as they have entered into the monopolistic competition. Oligopolistic Competition There are different segments in the oligopolistic competition wherein there are few companies or one company that is offering such kind of products and services. Smartphones HTC Apple Samsung Nokia Video Streaming Amazon Starz Showtime Netflix Airlines Virgin America JetBlue United Airlines Delta Airlines From the different examples of various sectors, it can be analyzed that oligopolistic competition is wherein there are only one company who is providing their target customers with the different services that cannot be provided by others. The oligopolistic markets generate huge revenues and sales in the entire market. The oligopolistic organizations are known as cats in a bag as it refers to the different companies who are targeting the entire market in an effective manner. Core differences between Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition Particulars Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Market Number of firms There is several numbers of firms in the entire competitive market. However, the products that will be provided by the companies can be similar in nature and they are not identical in nature There are only few similar firms in the entire competitive market. The different kind of products and services are delivered to the customers by the single firm in the entire effective market Demand Curve implications The demand curve is downward sloping in nature and it is elastic in nature (Acemoglu, Kakhbod and Ozdaglar 2017) The demand curve is downward sloping in nature and is inelastic in nature. The game theory and kinked demand curve theory are the theories that will help in understanding the differences in an effective manner Intervention of government The entry to the firms can be blocked by the different regulations of the government The collusions are illegal in nature and there are different penalties included in it as well. Possible demand of consumers The firms have the ability in order to control the price wherein competitive goods are close substitutes (Choudhary et al. 2015) The competition is non price (-) consumers determine the requirement to buy and this results in making the firm successful in nature (Bloch and Bhattacharya 2014) Possibility of profit making Marginal Revenue = Marginal Cost wherein there is no such economic profit in the monopolistic competitive market Marginal Revenue=Marginal Cost (Collusion and Cartel) Average size of organizations There are different small firms that are competitive in an extreme manner and there is small degree of control on market (Assenza et al. 2015) The size of the organizations is large in size along with the dominating nature in the entire market (Rancan 2015) Nature of the product The products are differentiated in nature as there are no similar products in the monopolistic competition The products are either differentiated or uniform in nature in the oligopolistic competition Freedom of Entry There is free and open access in the freedom of entry in monopolistic competition (Bertoletti and Epifani 2014) The freedom of entry has controlled access in the entire oligopoly market From the above table, it can be analyzed that there are differences in both oligopoly and monopolistic competition. The differences help in understanding the issues that can be faced by both the markets in different manner in the future. The control over the prices has been discussed in such a manner that this helped in understanding the issues in an effective manner. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that oligopoly market is the structure of the market that helped in containing number of firms that is relatively large or small in nature. It has been seen that in the monopolistic competition, the different kind of firms are independent in the different decisions and outputs along with cost of production. The monopolistic markets are similar to the perfect competition wherein there are large numbers of firms competing with one another. The difference lies between the competition natures wherein the firms sell identical products in such a manner that this has helped them in competing with the price. On the other hand, oligopoly market is wherein it acts like monopoly market and there are few firms in the entire competitive market. The firms those are oligopolistic in nature help themselves in understanding along with recognizing the strength and values of the firms in an effective manner. There are different policymakers in the entire market wherein they have regulated the behavior of different oligopolist in the entire market. It has been seen that scope of these kinds of laws is subject of the ongoing fixation of the prices in the entire market. It has been seen that structure of the market is essential in nature in both marketing along with economics. These kinds of market structures helped in representing the different impact on the different kind of markets in the entire competitive market. The different other aspects such as number of sellers, difference between products and ability in order to set the price is essential in nature. The conclusion even helped in understanding the different kind of competition in different structure of market as this helped in understanding the similarities and differences in the entire market. The differentiated products in the monopolistic competition are the major difference in comparison to the oligopoly market. References Acemoglu, D., Kakhbod, A. and Ozdaglar, A., 2017. Competition in Electricity Markets with Renewable Energy Sources.Energy Journal,38. Assenza, T., Grazzini, J., Hommes, C. and Massaro, D., 2015. PQ strategies in monopolistic competition: Some insights from the lab.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,50, pp.62-77. Bertoletti, P. and Epifani, P., 2014. Monopolistic competition: CES redux?.Journal of International Economics,93(2), pp.227-238. Bertoletti, P. and Etro, F., 2017. Monopolistic competition when income matters.The Economic Journal,127(603), pp.1217-1243. Bertoletti, P. and Etro, F., 2017. Monopolistic competition when income matters.The Economic Journal,127(603), pp.1217-1243. Bloch, H. and Bhattacharya, M., 2014. Price Theory and Oligopoly.2014, pp.1914-2010. Choudhary, A., Suman, R., Dixit, V., Tiwari, M.K., Fernandes, K.J. and Chang, P.C., 2015. An optimization model for a monopolistic firm serving an environmentally conscious market: Use of chemical reaction optimization algorithm.International Journal of Production Economics,164, pp.409-420. Dewenter, R., Heimeshoff, U. and Lth, H., 2017. The impact of the market transparency unit for fuels on gasoline prices in Germany.Applied Economics Letters,24(5), pp.302-305. Fujiwara, I. and Teranishi, Y., 2017. Financial frictions and policy cooperation: A case with monopolistic banking and staggered loan contracts.Journal of International Economics,104, pp.19-43. Gugler, K. and Szcs, F., 2016. Merger externalities in oligopolistic markets.International Journal of Industrial Organization,47, pp.230-254. Haaland, J.I. and Venables, A.J., 2016. Optimal trade policy with monopolistic competition and heterogeneous firms.Journal of International Economics,102, pp.85-95. Head, K. and Spencer, B.J., 2017. Oligopoly in international trade: Rise, fall and resurgence.Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'conomique,50(5), pp.1414-1444. Kufel-Gajda, J., 2017. Monopolistic markups in the Polish food sector.Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy,12(1), pp.147-170. Kumar, S. and Chatterjee, A.K., 2015. A profit maximising product line optimisation model under monopolistic competition.International Journal of Production Research,53(5), pp.1584-1595. Larivire, V., Haustein, S. and Mongeon, P., 2015. The oligopoly of academic publishers in the digital era.PloS one,10(6), p.e0127502. Neary, J.P., 2016. International trade in general oligopolistic equilibrium.Review of International Economics,24(4), pp.669-698. Parenti, M., Ushchev, P. and Thisse, J.F., 2017. Toward a theory of monopolistic competition.Journal of Economics Theory,167, pp.86-115. Rancan, A., 2015. The Origin of the Sylos Postulate: Modiglianis and Sylos Labinis Contributions to Oligopoly Theory. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 37(3), pp.431-448. Schweinberger, A.G. and Suedekum, J., 2015. De-industrialization and entrepreneurship under monopolistic competition.Oxford Economic Papers,67(4), pp.1174-1185. Snow, A., 2015. Monopolistic Insurance and the Value of Information.Risks,3(3), pp.277-289. Spanjers, W., 2017.Arbitrage and monopolistic market structures(No. 226). Center for Mathematical Economics, Bielefeld University. Sumner, G., 2018. Monopolistic Competition? The Rise of Brand-Chain Competition and Unresolved Social Questions.Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal,5(1). Taylor, C. and Wagman, L., 2014. Consumer privacy in oligopolistic markets: Winners, losers, and welfare.International Journal of Industrial Organization,34, pp.80-84. Whisenant, S. and Willenborg, M., 2016. Price Competition Within the Large Audit Firm Oligopoly: A Panel Data Analysis of Initial Engagements.

What I Learned In Psychology Class Essay Example For Students

What I Learned In Psychology Class Essay Robert Tower, PresidentThe Tower Mart Inc. 25 Glen Blvd. Arlington Heights, ILDear Bob:Thanks for meeting with me again last week. I continue to be interested in purchasing the assets of Tower Mart, Inc. If we reach an agreement regarding my purchase, I plan to transfer these assets to a new corporation that I am forming. My new company would then run a convenience store similar to what you are currently operating. I am interested in purchasing the following assets: the inventory, fixtures, equipment, leasehold improvements, and business name. In addition, I will need all necessary licenses and permits transferred to me. I will expect you to give me a covenant not to compete stating that for three years, you will not open a similar store in our city. The purchase price for all of the assets as well as the good will and your covenant not to compete would be $150,000, as we have already discussed. As an indication of my good faith in pursuing this matter, I am enclosing a check for $1,000 as earnest money. I would pay an additional $49,000 in cash at closing. The balance of $100,000 would be amortized in equal monthly installments over a period of 10 years with interest at the rate of 10% per annum. Regarding the inventory, we will check this at the time of closing. If the inventory is valued at less than $45,000, the purchase price would be reduced accordingly. Also, as we already discussed, your corporation would remain responsible for all liabilities of the present business and these would not be assumed by my new corporation. Before I have my lawyer draft a sales agreement, there are some things I need to investigate:1.I want to meet with your landlord to make sure that I can take over the existing lease and that I can get an option to extend it for another five years. 2.I need to have my accountant review all of your tax returns and business records for the past five years so that I can satisfy myself regarding the financial condition of your business. 3.I want to make sure that the state liquor board will approve a transfer of the beer and wine retail license to my new corporation. Assuming that I am satisfied with these items and all other aspects of the proposed purchase, I will have my lawyer draft a sales agreement and then we can close approximately 45 days from now. This letter states my intent but it is not a legally binding contract or commitment on either my part or yours. Upon further investigation I may change my mind. If the deal does not go through for any reason, I would be entitled to my earnest money back. If my letter has captured the essence of what we talked about and you are still interested in pursuing the sale, please let me know. I believe that we are moving toward a transaction that can be advantageous to both of us. Sincerely,

The Great I Am Sayings of Jesus free essay sample

In John’s gospel he records the seven great â€Å"I AM† statements of Jesus, each one used to give insight into His person, His deity, and how He relates to God in the OT. â€Å"Seven times John records Jesus saying, ‘I am†¦,’ attaching it to a metaphor. These seven statements give special insight into who Christ claimed to be†¦He was identifying Himself with Jehovah of the Old Testament†. The â€Å"I AM† statement that I will be focusing on is â€Å"I AM the true vine†. Jesus says this in John 15:1 â€Å"I AM the true vine, and My Father is the vinedresser† (NASB). It is interesting to see the context and time when Jesus says this, and to see the relationship between him and his Father. I have always had a found liking to this particular passage as I grew up on an apple orchard, and was very acutely aware of the process of pruning branches at a young age. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great I Am Sayings of Jesus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The concept of pruning away or cleaning the branches in order to bear much fruit is something that I related to very easily throughout my life. Reading the surrounding verses, Jesus is talking and walking with his disciples when he spoke this statement. Many theologians agree that this discourse took place right after the Passover meal: â€Å"The fruit of which he had been just speaking of at supper with his disciples; and then informs them, that he himself is the vine from whence that fruit must be expected, which should be partook of by them in his Fathers kingdom†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There are many different reasons given as to why Jesus uses this analogy at this particular time but is simply most likely because vines were something very common in the city. â€Å"The grapevine was a common sight in Israel. In fact, vineyards were so plenteous that the vine became the national symbol of Israel†. This statement by Jesus is also coming at a time when His arrest and death are nearing. This statement is sandwiched right in between Jesus’ promise of the Holy Spirit to his disciples, and His discourse on how and why the world will hate them. As Jesus is telling them these things, he is also comforting them with the fact that they can find rest and security within the true fine. I believe it was very important to Jesus that He portrayed security to the disciples because of the tumultuous times that were to come. That believers are branches of this vine, which supposes that Christ is the root of the vine. The root is unseen, and our life is hid in Christ; the root bears the tree, diffuses sap to it, and is all in all to its flourishing and fruitfulness; and in Christ are all supports and supplies†. As I mentioned earlier, these various â€Å"I AM† statements from Jesus relate back to the OT, and specifically to God in the OT. In regards to Jesus’ statement â€Å"I AM the true vine†, we can see a very sharp connection with God in the OT. We should bear in mind that there are passages in the Old Testament that speak of Israel using vine imagery†¦Each time, however, it seems that God is pointing out Israel’s sin†¦In the Old Testament the vine is often a symbol of Israel, sometimes of degenerate Israel†. Going back to our passage in John 15, Jesus also makes it clear that God is the â€Å"vinedresser†, and that as we are the branches in the vine, he cuts away or cleans the branches to bear much fruit. â€Å"But where Israel failed and had become a false vine, we now see the true vine, the vine in which the purpose of God would be worked out. As Israel was thought of as the â€Å"false vine† in the OT, we now have Jesus, the one true vine, the glory of God. I also believe that Jesus’ statement of being the true vine is a direct correlation to His deity. â€Å"Jesus was also identifying Himself with Jehovah of the Old Testament. The emphatic expression ‘I am’ had a particular connotation for the Jews. In the Old Testament the term Lord is a derivative of the verb to be. When Jehovah revealed His name to Moses as ‘I AM’†¦He was stating, ‘I AM WHO I AM’†¦The Jews of Christ’s time knew that when He said, ‘I am,’ He was claiming, ‘I am Jehovah of the Old Testament’. Just as Jesus was pronouncing His deity when he said â€Å"I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me. †(NIV) So also is He proclaiming with His statement â€Å"I am the true vine†, that He alone is the only way to the Father. Understanding that only the â€Å"branches† rooted in the vine can have life, we also understand that only in Christ, rooted in Him, can we have life. â€Å"We become fruitful Christians when we remain in vital contact with Christ and manifest the effects of that vital contact in our character and deeds†. As we have seen above, Jesus’ â€Å"I AM† statements are very clear in presenting His person, deity, and relationship to God. â€Å"What makes this so important in John is that we find a similar usage in the Greek translation of the Old Testament. There we find that the translators used the emphatic form of speech when they were rendering words spoken by God†. Specifically with Jesus’ statement â€Å"I am the true vine†, we can see and understand that only in a life rooted in Him, and the working of the Father as the vinedresser, can we have a full and fruitful life.

Homelessness Among Youth In Canada Social Work Essay Essay Example

Homelessness Among Youth In Canada Social Work Essay Essay Example Homelessness Among Youth In Canada Social Work Essay Essay Homelessness Among Youth In Canada Social Work Essay Essay Homelessness among young person is a comprehensive, multi-faceted societal job in Canada. ( Roebuck.2008 ) . Harmonizing to public wellness bureau ( 2007 ) the estimated official figure of stateless people in Canada ranges from 150,000 to 300,000, one tierce of which are young person of age 15 to 24 old ages. ( Stewart et al.2010 ) . Homelessness means life in out-of-doorss and in abandoned edifice with insecure state of affairs. ( Kisely et.al, 2008 ) . The factors that leads youth into homelessness are household disfunction, school related jobs, need for more freedom and poorness ; this issue is being addressed by the services that are available for them in the country of lodging, income and support services. ( Kisely, 2008 ) . This survey besides includes the critical analysis of policies relevant to youth homelessness, anti oppressive organizational construction for the marginalised young person and recommendations and suggestions to forestall young person into homelessness. The apprehensions about the homelessness among young person in Canada The most important ground that leads the immature people into homelessness is household disfunction. The household struggle may take the immature people into homelessness. This starts when young person have gone through emotional and physical struggle with their parents and besides some childs leave their place due to deficiency of fiscal support from their parent. ( Miller et al, 2008 ) . On the other manus, deficiency of household operation and support leads some young person into homelessness. Similarly, the situational factors like parental divorce or separation and decease of the parents besides make young person into a phase of homeless. Sometimes parent s intoxicant and drug ingestion may take young person in to homelessness status. ( Duroff,2004 ) . The hapless school public presentation is another ground for the young person who leaves their place. The premature departure of the school added to household struggle and the combination of these two factors leads them to go forth place. Furthermore, neglecting a class in school, and jobs with instructors or pupils besides leads some young person into homelessness. Based on my understanding deficiency of instruction create them barrier in happening occupation. Subsequently on it leads to extreme poorness and unemployment among the young person homeless. ( Miller et al, 2008 ) . A strong sense of independency is the primary factor some of the young person leads to homelessness. In some instances youth are like to remain their ain household but due to household struggle they like to remain off from the place. The desire for the more freedom sometimes youth leads into homelessness. And besides, parents over intervention to the young person s personal affairs may go the another ground for the young person to populate their place. ( Miler et al,2008 ) The fiscal crisis of the household or poorness of the household leads to some young person into homelessness. The deficiency of available lodging, limited employment chance, and deficient rewards besides leads youth into homelessness. Furthermore, deficiency of instruction sometimes creates barriers to youth find employment. The deficient stuff demands of the money take them into poorness. ( Miler et al,2008 ) . Homelessness among young person is a turning concern in full Canada. ( Stewart et al. 2010 ) . Eventhough Canadian authorities is offering some service to the young person homeless ; their support demands and support intervention penchant ever non fit with services available to them. ( Stewart et al. 2010 ) . Furthermore, youth homelessness are considered as vulnerable due to shortage of low-cost lodging, deficiency of employment or income, poorness, hapless physical or mental wellness, decreased authorities support, and force or maltreatment in the place. Stewart et al.2010 ( as cited in Campaign, 2009 ; Laird, 2007 ) Furthermore, the form of life manner brings them exposure to force, disregard, chronic poorness, physical and sexual maltreatment, offense, drug and intoxicant usage, unemployment, and societal isolation. ( Stewart et al 2010 as cited in Naboss et al. , 2004 ; Reid, Berman, A ; Forchuk, 2005 ) . Apart from that, the homeless young person frequently reported with unequ al societal relationships, struggle within their households, and exposure to force, condemnable equals, and opprobrious state of affairss. ( Stewart et al 2010 as cited in Haber A ; Toro, 2004 ; Reid et al. , 2005 ) . Therefore, the personal and structural grounds that contribute to subjugation to happen equal lodging for the young person should be addressed by anti oppressive attack of societal work pattern. Harmonizing to Martin ( 2002 ) one of the major grounds that leads immature people into homelessness is lack of normal activities has to make with a deficiency of preparedness and ability to seek and happen paid employment. ( Klodawsky et al.2006 ) . The homelessness young person most of the clip does nt demo much involvement to make any sort of physical activity due to miss of cognition, accomplishment and involvement. The deficiency of formal support contributes major challenges among stateless young person. In the most of the clip homeless young person shows withdraw from the societal web. This creates them barriers to cognize about the services available for them. The homelessness young person barriers to seeking services include denial jobs, force per unit area to focal points on basic resources such as nutrient, vesture and shelter, fright of non been taken as earnestly, concerns about the confidentiality, and deficiency of cognition about available services. In malice of all available services still they face disagreements in available and needed service ( Stewart et al, 2010 ) . The lodging support helps the young person to remain in a safe state of affairs. The homelessness young person betterment needed in shelters including extra beads, a place like environment, less contending among themselves and caring staff. The income support helps them to derive fiscal support. Most of the young person needed fiscal demands is for the educational disbursal. Furthermore, most the homelessness young person needed information about the support services in the country of returning to school, accomplishment preparation, acquiring a occupation, budgeting, and seeking guidance. By and large, the support service for the homelessness helps the young person to get the better of the state of affairs they are populating now. ( Stewart et al, 2010 ) . The strength and restriction of the societal policy for young person homelessness The societal policies are necessary for the homeless young person to rectify systemic and historic inequalities they are confronting in the society. The societal policy is of import to homeless young person to get the better of the systemic barriers they are confronting in the low-cost and unafraid lodging, deficiency of income or income support services, and support services. ( Hulchanski et al, 2009 ) . In Canada the policies related to homelessness young person include lodging policies and plan which include tenant protection act and rent addendum units, exigency shelter policies, income aid, deinstitutionalisation, societal services and discharge of policies from correctional installations. ( Ministry of societal development and economic security,2001 ) . The societal hosing plans provide lodging for the persons and households who are unable to vie in the lodging market. ( Ministry of societal development and economic security,2001 ) . The societal lodging plan gives benefit to the homeless young person to happen better topographic point to populate but the deficient supply of lodging due to miss of new rental building and destruction of bing low-cost rental unit are make them less handiness to the societal hosing. The loss of important figure of low-cost rental units resulted to tenant protection act. In Canada the most of the renter and land Godheads are covered by this policy. Harmonizing to this act a rental unit can be an flat, a house, or a room in a rooming or embarkation house. And the act besides can use to care places and retirement places. ( Government of Ontario, 2010 ) . The chief review about this act is that most of the clip renter wants to pay foremost and last month wage and it create barrier to youth to use this chan ce because of deficient money. The lodging cooperation of Ontario has portfolio of rent addendum unit in a private edifice ; these units are available for the low income families. The rent addendum is a fiscal support straight paid to set down Godhead by probationary authorities. The chief review about this policy is eligibility standards of adjustment need the cogent evidence of Canadian residence and most of the homeless young person do nt hold any papers to turn out their residence. ( Ministry of societal development and economic security,2001 ) . In Canada, the absence of lasting lodging for the hazard population exigency shelter policies for the stateless population. Harmonizing to this act the constabulary can utilize force to oblige the homeless people to utilize shelters particularly extreme whether qui vive. The exigency lodging should non supply lasting lodging options for the homelessness young person. Harmonizing to homelessness action undertaking force in Toronto, some of stateless people are utilizing shelter as lasting lodging these creates the handiness of the beds less. Due to miss of privateness some homeless youth do nt prefer to remain in the shelter. The chief review about this act is the exigency shelters opposed to the development of lasting lodging solution for the young person. ( Ministry of societal development and economic security, 2001 ) . There are batch of income aid services are available for the individual who are populating in the street. The homelessness individual individual is eligible to have $ 195 per month, on a month by month footing. These services are available for the person who are populating in the most vulnerable state of affairs. Homeless young person who are remaining in a shelter would non be eligible for income aid because it is assumed that their demands would be fulfilled in the shelter. The chief review about this policy is that the eligibility standard for the income aid create barriers to the childs particularly the age group of 16 and 17. This makes many young persons to turn into illegal or uninvited beginning of income. ( Ministry of societal development and economic security, 2001 ) . The deinstitutionalisation policy offered by the probationary authorities after the dramatic diminution of mental wellness beds in the psychiatric infirmaries in Ontario. The deinstitutionalisation policy offers community based mental wellness services and dependence service for the homeless people. Deinstitutionalization is frequently credited with the lessening demand of medical attention and besides it is the new beginning of psychiatric attention. The deinstitutionalization procedure is together with the deficit of community-based attention and related to the seeable jobs ofA homelessness. The major review about this policy is that due to miss of social interaction most of the homeless people are non cognizant about the mental wellness issues they are holding and the services available for them. ( Ministry of societal development and economic security, 2001 ) . The societal service policies are assisting the persons, who are insecurely housed to maintain their lodging and give aid to the people who became homelessness. Normally these services are given by instance directors, lodging workers, and different type of people who are working in the societal and lodging sector. The societal service bureaus are giving referral service to the homelessness young person to happen appropriate services harmonizing to their immediate demands. Harmonizing to societal service strategy, the homelessness young person are acquiring employment accomplishment preparation and accomplishment development plan but due to budget cut many of these plans are cancelled by the societal service bureaus. The one of critical impact of this policy is that most of the clip homelessness young person shows less involvement for the accomplishment development. ( Ministry of societal development and economic security, 2001 ) . The discharge policies from the correctional installations help the homelessness young person find exigency shelters upon their release. This policy is made available to the people who are being released from the probationary correctional installations. It ensured the people they have a topographic point to travel in the community. The discharge policy is authorised with the status of release of the individual from the gaol. However, the authorized individual could non oblige the individual who already finished their sentence to travel in an exigency inn. Furthermore, the discharge program is accessed by all wrongdoers who are about to return the community. The major review of this policy is that most of the clip the immature wrongdoers do nt prefer to populate once more in an institutionalized scene. ( Ministry of societal development and economic security, 2001 ) . The strength and restriction of the anti oppressive societal work pattern Anti oppressive attack is a signifier of societal work pattern to turn to the structural inequalities and societal division of the people who are populating in a peculiar societal system. It tries to alter organizational construction and people attitude about the peculiar issue. ( Mullaly, 2010 ) . An anti-oppressive model involves several cardinal overarching dogmas: consciousness of the mechanisms of subjugation, domination and unfairness ; recognition of the structural elements at drama in human behavior ; credence of diverseness and difference ; acknowledgment of the complexness of power ; and necessity for action. ( Karabanow, 2004 as cited in Campbell, 2000 ) . In the anti oppressive attack the homelessness among young person can be addressed by vicinity development, societal development, active engagement, structural definition of the state of affairs, consciousness elevation and societal action. ( Karabanow, 2004 ) . In the anti oppressive attack, the societal development helps the individual to turn to their demands in a corporate manner. The administration that works based on the anti oppressive attack do non look for the street young person s aberrant behavior such as condemnable behavior and drug nut on the contrary, it works for the holistic development of the individual. The holistic attack helps the young person to larn values and respect themselves and others. Furthermore, through the societal development attack an administration can do better understanding about the issues related to youth homelessness. The anti oppressive attack helps the young person to construct self individuality and strength to alter things in their life. ( Karabanow, 2004 ) The active engagement based on the anti oppressive attack helps the young person to plan and implement the shelter program which include youth resident represent the commissions responsible for shelter policy. Furthermore, there are several place available for street young person in the administration particularly the countries of ego aid, common assistance group, peer mentoring and cooking. Engagement within the administration helps the young person to understand mainstream civilization. The active engagement in the administration ever associated with the credence and regard which make the marginalised young person experiencing worthy and being needed. The active engagement represent both street young person and workers to fall in together to build a common vision and way for the administration. ( Karabanow, 2004 ) The anti oppressive administration s chief penetration is to do balance between the populations self constructed images about homelessness young person. The structural attack helps the administration to believe that the societal, political and economic factors of the young person force them into street life. The endurance of the most young person on the street is due to miss of low-cost and clean houses and equal employment. The anti oppressive administrations ever admit the street activities alternatively of knocking the street behavior because the administrations place them within the big context of development and exploitation. ( Karabanow, 2004 ) The witting raising aid the young person to portion past, present and future ends and experience in echt mode. Through the consciousness raising a young person can portion see to others and connect with deeper apprehension of peculiar issue. In the anti oppressive pattern, witting raising involve an confidant and in-depth geographic expedition of one s action through a procedure of cognition edifice, committedness and solidarity. ( Karabanow, 2004 p.56 ) . Furthermore, for the portion of consciousness raising a individual can critically self reflect about the state of affairs they are confronting now. Consciousness raising come out as an intimate procedure of researching, accepting and finally retracing the thoughts of one s yesteryear, present and future orientation. ( Karabanow, 2004 p.56 ) . The anti oppressive administrations promote safe community scenes where marginalised young person can construct and reconstruct a sense of individuality, worth, and understanding of their imme diate environments. ( Karabanow, 2004 p.56 ) . In the anti oppressive model an administration move a measure farther to protagonism for the anomic and stigmatised people. Social action involves a committedness to the cardinal alteration in the society on the signifier of equal intervention for the marginalised young person. The societal action enterprises includes when the street young person to petitioning in the probationary leaders to increase the figure of low-cost lodging and youth employment. Through the societal action motion, the service users and service suppliers try to accomplish specific ends based on the common demands of the population. Based on the anti oppressive attack societal action is sense of committedness and trust for the societal development. Through the societal action the marginalised group besides can take part in the social activities. ( Karabanow, 2004 ) The anti oppressive attacks help the administration to construct safe and respectful environment for the marginalised populations. Furthermore it helps the marginalised young person to place the grass root of the job and the structural inequalities they are confronting in the society. The anti oppressive pattern at the structural degree attempts to alter intuitional agreements, societal procedure and societal pattern that work together to profit the dominant group at the disbursal of low-level group. ( Mullay,2010 ) . The anti oppressive is utile to place systemic inequalities, favoritism, and force faced by marginalised young person based on their gender, age, race, poorness, disablement, sexual orientation, in-migration or Aboriginal position. Furthermore the anti oppressive attack is really utile to understand how these types of structural inequalities make possibility to youth become homeless. The anti oppressive societal work pattern is necessary for reconceptualise the thought of power. ( Mullaly, 2010 ) . This aid the marginalised young person to recognize that how age and poorness create them barrier to happen appropriate lodging. The anti oppressive patterns in the structural degree help the marginalised young person to happen alternate services and administration. Harmonizing to these services marginalised stateless young person can link stateless people in the mainstream administration. The mainstream administration helps them to happen equal solution to the job in a corporate response. The corporate response ever gives immediate response to the job. ( Mullaly, 2010. ) The recommendations and suggestions for the homelessness young person The four primary recommendation to cut downing the homelessness among young person of includes physique on the young persons optimism and finding through the development of equal webs ; mobilise and back up involvement in instruction and employment through contacts with employers ; support ties to household, including extended household or households of pick when available ; and utilize current life agreements or make life agreements which can ease instruction and employment. ( Miller etal, ,2008 ) The hopefulness is really of import for the young person to derive strength to mind.. Building strength is really of import among the homelessness young person because the surveies conducted by Millier et Al 2008 shows that to remain longer as homelessness made them stay as homelessness. The strength can construct among homelessness young person through guidance in the school, shelters and other and other societal service bureaus and besides to the young person support group and webs. The most of the homeless young person see their state of affairs is impermanent and expression for the hereafter development, this shows the clear demand of the edifice the sense of optimism and finding among young person particularly in the countries of instruction and happening a occupation. ( Miller etal, ,2008 ) The administration that works for the homelessness should back up and mobilise the young person to derive involvement in instruction and employment. The deficiency of instruction creates employment barriers to the young person but the portion clip work helps them to go on their instruction. The marginalised young person is looking to better their ability to work through instruction. This shows necessity of the guidelines for youth employment appropriate schooling and preparation. Furthermore, the alternate schooling option besides helps the young person to fulfill their expressed demands in the instruction. This shows the clear demand of more educational grants and subsidies for the marginalised young person. ( Miller etal, ,2008 ) A support tie with household is really of import for the marginalised young person. The household disfunctions are one of the major grounds for the young person to go forthing their place. Family and friends are able to supply aid in the adjustments, fiscal and emotional support. Generally youth has lots friends in the assortment of Fieldss. The household guidance is really of import to forestall homelessness among young person. Through the household reding the worker can forestall household systems break down in the first topographic point. ( Miller etal, ,2008 ) The life agreement and support service for instruction and employment is the most of import wanted thing for the young person homelessness. The current life agreement creates barriers to youth in instruction and finding employment. And some of the marginalised young person think that life or socializing with similar issue holding equals is non favorable for their development. They besides express similar concern in the shelter system. On the other manus, the marginalised young person express to populate in a both positive and supportive environment. This can carry through by the authorities through development of adolescent plan that offer alternate life agreement and positive equal groups through Foster or group places. ( Stewart et al, 2010 ) Hosing is the cardinal right of the human being. The chief recommendation of this survey is to better lodging installations for the young person. Homelessness sometimes leads to the offending and exploitation. The authorities besides should set up societal and income support services for the young person. Through the guidance service the worker can steer the homeless into proper path. Furthermore authorities should pass more money for the societal service who are giving services for the young person. The support cutbacks ever affect the service bureau to supply equal services for the young person. And besides federal authorities besides organise some support services for the young person homeless. ( Stewart et al, 2010 ) . Decision The community based attacks is necessary for the homeless young person to fulfill their demands particularly in the countries of lodging, income, and support. The positive attitude of the societal service bureau helps the young person to come out of the state of affairs they are populating now. Furthermore the alternate service of the bureau, particularly in the country of skill preparation and alternate schooling besides help the young person to get the better of the systemic barriers they are confronting in the society.

SIOP Lesson Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SIOP Lesson Plan - Essay Example To effectively teach this lesson the teach needs only to be conversant with the subject content and have an understanding of these best practices. This is why I have decided to include them in this essay. The first thing that a teacher should do when teaching this lesson is helping the students to build background knowledge on the subject in the lesson. Building background knowledge integrates new concepts in a lesson with previously taught concepts and thus promotes achievement of literacy (Cohen & Cowan, 2007). The major best practice that a teacher can use to build this kind of knowledge, is reviewing previously taught concepts. In this case, the teacher should review the concepts taught in the topic on use of microscope to observe cell organelles. This would help the students to connect between the two lessons. According to Cohen & Cowan (2007, p. 183), â€Å"other best practices for building background knowledge are discussion, background generating activities, pre-questions an d objective stating, and field trips†. In the discussion practice, the teacher can discuss with the students about a cell and importance of plants to humans. They can also try to discuss how humans derive these benefits from plants. In the case of background generating activity, the teacher should have the students observe different parts of plant cells using a microscope. If the teacher can have the students state the questions they might have on plant cells and what they aim to understand by the end of the lesson, the students can build background knowledge about this lesson. A short trip in which the students familiarize themselves with different plants can also be a best practice for building background knowledge. This lesson involves teaching of several words that the students might find difficult to comprehend. As a result, a teacher should find a way to instruct such words to enhance understanding. The best practice for vocabulary instruction is use of diagrams. In this practice, students are able to visualize the meaning of the words and therefore they can understand them much better. The good thing with this kind of practice when used in teaching the lesson is that, all the difficult words in the lesson are represented using a diagram from the science book. Therefore, it is very easy to apply this best practice in this lesson to promote conceptual understanding of vocabularies found in the topic of plant cells. Comprehensible input is adjustments made by a teacher in his teaching technique to enhance students understanding. The adjustments are crucial in enhancing the students, ability to comprehend the lesson content. Several best practices that a teacher could use when adjusting his teaching technique are available. Most common among these best practices include pausing frequently, paraphrasing and repeating ideas that look difficult, and use of gestures and body language (Wandberg & Rohwer, 2010). In teaching this lesson, a teacher should pau se as often as possible to give students time to comprehend an idea. He should also paraphrase ideas from the way the science book represents them. This would make the ideas to be rather simpler to understand. He should also be repeating ideas when necessary to ensure all students understand them. Gestures and body language would also be necessary especially to show the functions of a cell membrane and its characteristics. We will need to group